Šibenik (Croatian pronunciation: [ʃîbeniːk] ( listen); Italian: Sebenico) is a historic city in Croatia, located in central Dalmatia where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea. Šibenik is a political, educational, transport, industrial and tourist center of Šibenik–Knin County and also the third-largest city in the historic region of Dalmatia. It is the oldest native Croatian town on the shores of the sea.
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St. Nicholas' fortress is situated at the entrance to St. Anthony's channel, and it was constructed during the 16th century in order to protect the town from the Turkish attacks from the sea. It was built after the plans of the Venetian military architect Michelle Sammichelli. White stone was used for building the lower parts of the fortress and red stone for the upper parts. This fortress is one of the strongest maritime fortification architecture on the Croatian Coast of the Adriatic Sea.
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The Cathedral of St James in Sibenik is a superb example of Gothic-Renaissance architecture, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2000. The building was begun 1431 and later supervised by Dalmatian master-builder Juraj Dalmatinac, in the Gothic Flamboyant style. Of particular note is his exterior frieze of 71 sculpted life-sized heads, each unique. From 1473 construction was under Nikola Firentinac in Tuscan Renaissance style, completed in 1536. The western facade has a Gothic portal framed by carved saints and surmounted by two rose windows. The Lions' Portal in the north facade features carvings of Adam and Eve and the apostles Peter and Paul, with bronze reliefs of scenes from the Old Testament. The interior is as magnificent as the exterior: the three-aisled nave has a double row of columns with Gothic capitals and arches, with a decorative frieze above and an outstanding gallery balustrade. High above the nave rose windows in an intricate shell and floral design are superb. The main alter is richly decorated and lit from a half-domed apse. Side altars are Baroque dating from the 17th and 18th centuries. The baptistery under the south apse contains exquisitely carved ceiling and font supported by three angels by Dalmatinac in the Gothic-Renaissance style. Brochures in several language describe the many artworks and architectural features inside the church. The cathedral is open from 9.30am-6.30pm, with an entry fee of 20 kuna (children free).
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The church of St. Gregory is located in the oldest street in Sibenik, Ulica Jurja Dalmatinca (The Street of George of Dalmatia), where the birth house of this famous architect and sculptor can also be found. Featured in this small Gothic style church is a permanent thematic exhibition "Juraj Dalmatinac and his works outside of Sibenik."
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The church of "Gospe van grada" (''Our Lady Out of Town'') was erected on the site of the medieval cemetery and the small church of Sts. Cosmas and Damian (1452). After the Parish of Varos had been established (1604), the adaptation of the old church began. It was extended and the construction of the new stone church was completed in 1740. Afterwards, a bell tower was built and connected to the church by a small bridge. Around the church was the public cemetery which was abandoned in 1828.
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St. Lawrence Church was built in the second half of the 18th century for purposes of the Franciscan Order. On the church facade, which ends with a gable, a profiled portal with a humble Baroque transom can be found. Placed in the tympanum of the lateral entrance is a small sculpture of St. Lawrence from 1720. Across from the church is the Franciscan monastery from 1650. Its main building is Foscolo's Palace, the nicest example of housing architecture representing Sibenik from the 15th century.
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The church of St. Dominic is located in the western part of the city on the shore. Until 1910 it was a Renaissance building, but then it was given Gothic style characteristics. Located inside the church are two valuable wooden altars, the tomb of the Bishop Arrigonio from Sibenik, and an organ that was built in 1818 by the craftsman Gaetano Macatelli.
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The church of St. Krsevan (Grisogonus) is the oldest sacral monument, dated back to the 17th century. It was built in the Romanesque style. The church served its original purpose until World War II when it was extremely damaged. After its restoration, it became a gallery area for the Sibenik Museum and today it is the Gallery of St. Krsevan. Placed next to the church is the oldest bell in Croatia, built in 1266 and found under the sea near the island of Silba.
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