Hesse (/ˈhɛsə/) or Hessia (German: Hessen [ˈhɛsn̩], Hessian dialect: Hesse [ˈhɛzə]) is a federal state (Land) of the Federal Republic of Germany, with just over six million inhabitants. The state capital is Wiesbaden; the largest city is Frankfurt am Main. Until the unification of Germany, the territory of Hesse was occupied by the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Duchy of Nassau, the free city of Frankfurt and the Electorate of Hesse, known also as Hesse-Cassel. Due to divisions after World War II, the modern federal state does not cover the entire cultural region of Hesse, which includes both the State of Hesse and the area known as Rhenish Hesse (Rheinhessen) in the neighbouring state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Dating from at least the 10th century, today Kassel is most famous internationally as the home of Documenta, an every-five-years exhibition of modern and contemporary art. In the late 17th century Kassel received a large influx of Huguenot refugees from France. During the 1800s, it became the capital of the Brothers Grimm's Fairy Tale Route. In 1943, the city was virtually razed by British bombers, leaving few old sights, but the 18th-century Wilhelmshöhe Castle overlooking the city remains.
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