A late creation by area standards, Bergisch Gladbach was founded in 1856 as a city district comprising several smaller (and older) towns, with a total population of about 105,000. The 10th-century St. Johann Baptist Church at Refrath is Bergisch Gladbach's oldest building. The Bensberg Rathaus (or town hall, nicknamed "Affenfelsen," or Monkey Rock) is a nationally known tourist attraction. Schloss Bensberg and Schloss Lerbach, both former castles, are now among Germany's top luxury hotels.
North Rhine-Westphalia (German: Nordrhein-Westfalen, pronounced [ˈnɔʁtʁaɪ̯n vɛstˈfaːlən] ( listen), commonly shortened to NRW) is the most populous state of Germany, with a population of approximately 18 million, and the fourth largest by area. Its capital is Düsseldorf; the largest city is Cologne. Four of Germany's ten largest cities (Cologne, Düsseldorf, Dortmund, and Essen) are located in this state, as well as the second largest metropolitan area on the European continent, Rhine-Ruhr.
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