The political, scientific, historical, architectural and business center of Russia, Moscow displays the country's contrasts at their most extreme. The ancient and modern are juxtaposed side by side in this city of 10 million. Catch a metro from one of the ornate stations to see Red Square, the Kremlin, the nine domes of St. Basil's Cathedral, Lenin's Mausoleum, the KGB Museum and other symbols of Moscow's great and terrible past, then lighten up and shop Boulevard Ring or people watch in Pushkin Square.
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The monastery was founded in the mid-14th century by Metropolitan Alexis, a prominent church figure in his time. The first superior of the monastery was a disciple of Venerable Sergius of Radonezh, Andronicus, whose name the monastery bears to this day. The architectural monuments of the monastery ensemble date back to the 15th–19th centuries. These include the oldest remaining stone building in Moscow—the Cathedral of the Savior, built in the time of Andrey Rublev. Since 1947, the Central Museum of Ancient Russian Culture and Art named after Andrei Rublev has been located in the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery on the picturesque bank of the Yauza River.
The Monastery of the Saviour was founded in 1360 and is the oldest example of Russian stone architecture, which still exists at present day. Originally, the Monastery had wooden walls, which functioned as defense. From 1420 to 1428 the Cathedral was reconstructed and its walls were painted in white. The famous Russian painters Andrei Rublev and Daniel Chorny painted it but, unfortunately, their frescoes were destroyed by the 18th-century reconstruction and only a few small pieces survived. In 1812, the dome was destroyed by the fire, but got immediately reconstructed. In the 1840s, the interior changed. It was crowned with a tented-roof octagonal drum. Side chapels dedicated to St. Andronik and the Dormition were added to the northern and southern walls, which made the original appearance to be completely lost. However, in the 1950s and 1960s, the Cathedral was restored to its original state. From the 16th to the 19th century a refectory, side chapels, a cleric building, a Fraternal Building were added. In 1747 to 1756, the Cathedral got its stone walls. The old bell tower over the Holy Gates near the Cathedral of the Saviour was replaced by a new one 73 meters high. The temple was also used as a prison and as any other temple, the Monastery has its own cemetery that existed up to 1929. After the 1917 Russian Revolution, the Monastery was badly damaged. In 1919, it was occupied by proletarians. In the spring of 1922, all valuables were confiscated, and a juvenile prison for street children was established. In 1930, the bell tower was exploded. In 1947, the Monastery was announced a cultural reserve and many Old Russian icons were brought and kept there. In 1989, the Monastery was handed back to the Orthodox Church and has functioned since then. What strikes most, when visiting it, is the cleanliness of the whole area, the perfect lawn, the flowers, everything is perfectly kept and maintained. This results in a special, mystic feeling of sacredness and peace. Absolutely worth a visit, it easily reachable from Rimskaya metro station, just 5 minutes on foot.
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A unique exhibition of the Cold War history located about 65 meters underground, Bunker-42 is a military history museum and an entertaining complex founded in the former classified military building of the USSR.
There are not many similar objects you can visit, especially if they are located in the centre of the city, 65 meters below the streets. The place has interesting history and for many years it was a secret place, perfectly masked by an ordinary building standing on the surface. I found the visit to Bunker-42 as a very special experience, especially if you remember that it was the part of the cold war history. I booked an English tour and it was definitely an added value of the visit, as the information provided by our guide was interesting and properly provided, and he also answered several of my questions. We have visited several dozen of interesting places during our last trip to Moscow - this one will be long remembered.
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